Latest revision as of 01:37, 12 April 2022

Advanced Printing Topics

Authored mainly by Sam Habiel, the printer "sensei."

How do Computers Communicate with Printers, Software-wise?

This is a pretty difficult topic. Cheaper printers only accept binary data that is hardcoded by the computers; typically these printers are only supported on Windows, and thus are named "Winprinters." Higher end printers have a processor on them that can typically interpret PCL5, PCL6, and PS; and possibly PDF. These printers are easily supported in Linux. Commercial label printers (like Zebras) always accept their own programming language (ZPL).

VISTA and What It Really Sends

VISTA sends PCL5 to laser printers; or a printer specific language for label printers--most commonly ZPL II for Zebra printers. For laser printers, you need to make sure that your printer supports PCL5. All HP Printers support PCL5, no matter how cheap; other manufacturers only support it on their higher end printers (not too high end--anything that isn't the cheapest printer may support PCL5). If you need to look it up, go to the manufacturer's website and look at the technical specs sheet. The section is typically called "supported emulations," or "supported languages." What VISTA sends is determined by the sub-type defined for the device.

Communicating with a Printer on the Network for the First Time

Nothing prevents you from using a USB printer or even a parallel port printer, but in my experience, nobody uses those interfaces in production anymore.

Get the IP address first. You can usually obtain that by printing an information sheet from the printer. Consult the printer manual to find out how to print that information sheet. You can also try to identify the printer from the list of connected hosts on your network.

Whenever I set up a new printer, I tend to ensure that I can talk to it directly, with nothing in the middle. I use the netcat command ('nc') to do that, connecting to the IP address of the printer on port 9100. Make sure to add the -v flag to netcat so that it can report whether it succeeded in connecting at all. It is very possible that you connected to a printer but you just don't know which one.

(Aside: This can be done from VISTA using D CALL^%ZISTCP(ip_address,port,time_out)--but netcat is easier.)

Here's an example of me trying to talk to a PCL printer, so it will print the word "test"

$ nc -v 10.10.10.128 9100 <<< "TEST"

and here's an example printing a Datamatrix code on a Zebra printer:

$ nc -v 10.10.10.128 9100 <<< "^XA^FO50,100^BXN,10,200^FDTESTTEST^FS^XZ

A successful connection will look like this:

Connection to XX.XX.XX.XX 9100 port [tcp/jetdirect] succeeded!

An unsuccessful connection will either just hang or tell you connection refused.

nc: connect to XXXXXXXXX port 9100 (tcp) failed: Connection refused

Setting Up the Printer in the Operating System

After confirming the connection, you need to set up the printer in the operating system. VISTA does NOT need any drivers for the printers to be installed.

Setting Up a Printer in VISTA

See the Setting_up_a_VISTA_Printer page.

Testing Printers

To test printers in VISTA after setting it up, there are a few steps you have to go through.

If you run this on Caché, Caché steals your IO device between prompts. Therefore U IO to D ^%ZISC need to be on a single line. For example,

U IO W "TEST",!,"TEST",! D ^%ZISC

Invoke via %ZIS first.

D ^%ZIS

DEVICE: HOME//MY PRINTER

U IO

W "TEST",!,"TEST",! D ^%ZISC

See the output. If it's okay, you are ready to move to the next step. If you see the "staircase" effect, you need to go back and set-up the terminal type correctly, as explained on the page: Setting_up_a_Linux_Printer.

The next menu option to try is Send Test Pattern to Terminal [XUTTEST]. If that works, then you are good to go.

Various Troubleshooting Topics -- How Fun!

There are various issues that come up regularly with VISTA.

Laser Printer Issues

Use this page as a reference for PCL:

http://www.pclviewer.com/resources/reference/

Extra Pages

Extra pages can happen for three different reasons:

• By default, VISTA prints an extra page after each print job. This is for historical reasons; as most of the early printers were dot-matrix. Today, it's recommended that this be disabled. To disable the extra page, you can do it at the device level or the terminal type level. At the device level, set SUPPRESS FORM FEED AT CLOSE to yes. For the terminal type, set CLOSE EXECUTE to S IONOFF="" W $C(27)_"E"
• The text doesn't fit the page and spills over to the next page. VISTA printing options must follow the IOSL value (Page Length in Terminal Type or Device--Device overrides Terminal Type). Most of the time this has to do with the fact that the text size for the report is too large; or that the margins are not appropriate. Based on visual inspection, you should decide what to do. The unlikely case is that the VISTA programmer is not obeying IOSL; but that is for you to determine.
• If both of the above fail, it's likely that VISTA sends a hard coded form feed to the printer. You need to capture the output by capturing the print to a file (use HFS;subtype) and visually examine it in a programming editor.

Wrapping

Typically this has to do with whether the printer is configured to take 132 characters or 80 characters; if not, then it has to do with the font size.

VISTA has these typical formats for printing:

• 12 cpi 8 lpi Portrait (most reports)
• 17 cpi 7 lpi Portrait (MAR)
• 14 cpi 6 lpi Landscape (132 wide reports)
• 22 cpi 12 lpi Landscape (228 wide reports)

Only a Single Line Prints

You are seeing the staircase effect. See the Staircase section in Setting_up_a_VISTA_Printer.

Zebra Printer Issues

From my memory, these are typically the issues you face:

• Label not aligned vertically
• Label not aligned horizontally
• Labels are not dark enough.
• Label gets cut off
• VISTA printed labels are too small

Label not aligned vertically

Zebras mostly auto calibrate printing on continuous media. Check your Zebra's manual on how to do that for the specific model.

Label not Aligned Horizontally

Zebras don't auto align to the width. You have to set the print width yourself. They can detect the start of the label though.

To do that, find your printer dpi setting, and multiply that by the width of your label. E.g. 202 dpi with 3.5", you need to run this command from the command line:

^XA^PW707^XZ

If that doesn't solve your problem, you need to look carefully at the actual feeding of the label into the zebra printer. Read the manual carefully. I have seen many people "wing it" and do it incorrectly. I have even seen a printer where the left margin guide wasn't used and a rubber band was placed there. After you turn off or restart the printer, it tries to self calibrate.

Label Text is Not Dark Enough

There are two tunable circle things on the top of the print head that can be turned to increase the darkness. Try that. There is also a Zebra setting that can be changed to increase the darkness.

Label Gets Cut Off

If the label gets cut off on the right hand side of the label, check your print width (see 'Label not aligned horizontally'), and if that's not the issue, check the position of the ribbon vis a vis the labels. The printer may be trying to print, but there is no ribbon at the place it's trying to print. If it is getting cut off from the left side, check that your labels are using the left hand guide and are not colliding with it. If it is getting cut off vertically, you need to calibrate the printer. If it still gets cut off, you need to capture the ZPL II that is sent by VISTA and see 1. that it's formatted correctly and 2. that there isn't too much information to print.

VISTA Printed Labels are too Small

This means that you bought a Zebra printer with the wrong dpi. You have to return it and buy another one. VISTA wants printers with 202 DPI. If you want to use the new printer, you need to re-write some of the label code.

Advanced Troubleshooting

If you are stuck with a particularly difficult problem, it may be useful to capture the PCL and use a PCL emulator and print to a PDF; or ZPL II and use a Zebra emulator.

To capture an output from VISTA, you need to create a device whose type is HFS but whose destination is pre-determined. Here's an example:

NAME: SAM-DIRECT-HFS-PRINTER            $I: /tmp/op-dev6-lbl-sam.pcl
  LOCATION OF TERMINAL: File
  OPEN PARAMETERS: "NWS"                SUBTYPE: P-HPLJ4SI-P12
  TYPE: HOST FILE SERVER

If you want to change the file for each job, so that they won't overwrite each other, you can append something to IO in the pre-open execute. Please note that you need to change "NWS" to (newversion) on GT.M.

This is the emulator I use for PCL, http://www.ghostscript.com/GhostPCL.html. This is the emulator I use for ZPL II, http://labelary.com/viewer.html

To use GhostPCL, here is a sample invocation:

cat vista_print-0001.pcl | C:\Users\shabiel\workspace\ghostpcl-9.15-win32\pcl6-9.15-win32.exe -dBATCH -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -r600 -sOutputFile="testpdf.sam" -

Typical PCL String

To construct a PCL in VISTA, you typically put everything in the Open Execute. The Close Execute should always be set to S IONOFF="" W $C(27)_"E" unless you want to do something special. The Form Feed accepts PCL as well.

The typical PCL sequence for an Open Execute is as follows:

• Reset
• Set Line Carriage mode (CR, CRLF, or LF)
• Set Orientation (Portrait or Landscape)
• Set Character Set (optional; not needed for US printing; may need to change for Spanish)
• Set Margins (optional; but you will probably need it at some point)
• Set Font

When constructing a string, I recommend using *27 rather than $C(27) because it's shorter, and you will type a lot of it.

An example. Note that this needs to be all in one string. It's separated here for education.

W *27,"E"    ; Reset
W *27,"&k2G" ; Set Carriage mode to LF.
W *27,"&l0O" ; Portrait; Landscape is 1O.
...          ; Character Set Omitted
W *27,"&l4E" ; Top Margin 4 lines
W *27,"&a5L" ; Left Margin 5 columns
W *27,"(s0p12h0s0b4099T" ; Fixed Pitch; 12 cpi, fixed pitch for secondary font, Medium Weight, select courier font.

Advanced Functions

I won't document this in detail, but here are some advanced examples. These ones do headers.

NAME: P-HP-LTR-POR-C12L6-W80-HD         RIGHT MARGIN: 80
  FORM FEED: $C(12)_$C(27)_"&f0S"_$C(27)_"&l3E"_$C(27)_"*p2100x,0Y"_$C(27)_"(s1p
16h0s0b16602THEADER"_$C(27)_"(s0p12h0s0b4099T"_$C(27)_"&l4E"_$C(27)_"&f1S"_$P("
#","")                                  PAGE LENGTH: 58
  BACK SPACE: $C(8)
  OPEN EXECUTE: W $C(27,69),$C(27),"&l0O",$C(27),"(0N",$C(27),"&l4E",$C(27),"&a5
L",$C(27),"&k2G",$C(27),"&f0S",$C(27),"&l3E",$C(27),"*p2100x,0Y",$C(27)_"(s1p16h
0s0b16602THEADER",$C(27),"(s0p12h0s0b4099T",$C(27),"&l4E",$C(27),"&f1S" S ($X,$
Y)=0                                    CLOSE EXECUTE: S IONOFF="" W $C(27)_"E"
  DESCRIPTION: 12 cpi 6 lpi width 80 standard letter printer

NAME: P-HP-LTR-POR-C17L7-W128-HD        RIGHT MARGIN: 128
  FORM FEED: $C(12)_$C(27)_"&f0S"_$C(27)_"&l3E"_$C(27)_"*p2100x,0Y"_$C(27)_"(s1p
16h0s0b16602THEADER"_$C(27)_"(s0p17h9v0s0b0T"_$C(27)_"&l4E"_$C(27)_"&l7C"_$C(27
)_"&f1S"_$P("#","")                     PAGE LENGTH: 64
  BACK SPACE: $C(8)
  OPEN EXECUTE: W *27,"E",*27,"&k2G",*27,"&l4E",$C(27),"&f0S",$C(27),"&l3E",$C(2
7),"*p2100x,0Y",$C(27)_"(s1p16h0s0b16602THEADER",*27,"&l4E",*27,"&f1S",$C(27),"
(s0p17h9v0s0b0T",*27,"&l7C" S ($X,$Y)=0
  CLOSE EXECUTE: S IONOFF="" W $C(27,69)
  DESCRIPTION: 17 cpi 7 lpi width 128 standard letter printer (MAR)

NAME: P-HP-LTR-LAND-C22L12-W228-HD      RIGHT MARGIN: 228
  FORM FEED: $C(12)_$C(27)_"&f0S"_$C(27)_"&l3E"_$C(27)_"*p2750x,0Y"_$C(27)_"(s1p
16h0s0b16602THEADER"_$C(27)_"(s0p22h0s0b4099T"_$C(27)_"&l4E"_$C(27)_"&f1S"_$P("
#","")                                  PAGE LENGTH: 88
  BACK SPACE: $C(8)
  OPEN EXECUTE: W $C(27,69),$C(27),"&l1O",$C(27),"&l4E",$C(27),"&l0D",$C(27),"&k
2G",$C(27),"&f0S",$C(27),"&l3E",$C(27),"*p2750x,0Y",$C(27)_"(s1p16h0s0b16602THEADER",$C(27),"(s0p22h0s0b4099T",$C(27),"&f1S",$C(27),"&l4E" S ($X,$Y)=0
  CLOSE EXECUTE: S IONOFF="" W $C(27)_"E"
  DESCRIPTION: 22 cpi 12 lpi width 228 landscape letter printer (condensed)

NAME: P-HP-LTR-LAND-C14L6-W132-HD       RIGHT MARGIN: 132
  FORM FEED: $C(12)_$C(27)_"&f0S"_$C(27)_"&l3E"_$C(27)_"*p2750x,0Y"_$C(27)_"(s1p
16h0s0b16602THEADER"_$C(27)_"(s0p14h0s0b4099T"_$C(27)_"&l4E"_$C(27)_"&f1S"_$P("
#","")                                  PAGE LENGTH: 46
  BACK SPACE: $C(8)
  OPEN EXECUTE: W $C(27,69),$C(27),"&l1O",$C(27),"&l4E",$C(27),"&a5L",$C(27),"&k
2G",$C(27),"&f0S",$C(27),"&l3E",$C(27),"*p2750x,0Y",$C(27)_"(s1p16h0s0b16602THEADER",$C(27),"(s0p14h0s0b4099T",$C(27),"&f1S",$C(27),"&l4E" S ($X,$Y)=0
  CLOSE EXECUTE: S IONOFF="" W $C(27)_"E"
  DESCRIPTION: 14 cpi 6 lpi width 132 landscape letter printer

and this one does a watermark:

NAME: P-HP-PORTRAIT-C16L7-WM            SELECTABLE AT SIGN-ON: NO
  RIGHT MARGIN: 96
  FORM FEED: $c(27)_"*c5760x6000Y"_$c(27)_"*p150x150Y"_$c(27)_"*c0T"_$c(27)_"%1B
IN;SP1;DI1,-1;SD2,1,4,140,6,3,7,4148;SS;PA0,7000;FT10,5;CF2,0;LO21;LBWATERMARK"_$c
(3,27)_"%1A"_$c(12)                     PAGE LENGTH: 60
  BACK SPACE: $C(8)                     *OLD XY CRT: 60
  OPEN EXECUTE: W *27,"E",*27,"(8U",*27,"(s0P",*27,"(s16H",*27,"(s9V",*27,"(s0S"
,*27,"(s-3B",*27,"(s0T",*27,"&l88P",*27,"&a255M",*27,"&k2S",*27,"&l7C",*27,"&s1C
",*27,"&k2G"
  CLOSE EXECUTE: W *27,"*c5760x6000Y",*27,"*p150x150Y",*27,"*c0T",*27,"%1B","IN;
SP1;DI1,-1;SD1,21,2,1,4,140,5,0,6,3,7,4148;SS;PA0,7000;FT10,5;CF2,0;LO21;LBWATERMARK"
_$C(3),*27,"%1A"                     DESCRIPTION: HP JL4Si 12 pitch Courier

Printing PDFs from VISTA

Using GhostPCL, you can directly print out a PDF from VISTA. Here's an example in GT.M on Linux:

NAME: PDF WRITER                        $I: PDF-WRITER
  LOCATION OF TERMINAL: /tmp/           
  OPEN PARAMETERS: (comm="pcl6 -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -SOutputFile=
/tmp/green-sheet.pdf -")::"pipe"        SUBTYPE: P-HP BARCODER
  TYPE: TERMINAL

An example on Cache on Linux:

NAME: GHOSTPCL PORTRAIT
  $I: /home/lxuser/bin/gpcl6 -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sOutputFile=/opt/HFS/shabiel/print_out.pdf -          
LOCATION OF TERMINAL: PDF to /opt/HFS
  OPEN COUNT: 8                         OPEN PARAMETERS: "qw"
  POST-CLOSE EXECUTE: N % S %=$ZF(-1,"sh -c 'mv /opt/HFS/shabiel/print_out{,`date -Iseconds | tr \: _`}.pdf'")          SUBTYPE: P-HPLASER-P12
  TYPE: TERMINAL

On Windows, you can add a Windows printer that automatically calls GhostPCL. You need to use this amazing piece of software:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mfilemon/

Once you install it and configure it, you need to set the $I appropriately.

Finding the TCP/IP address for a print queue name

On Linux, the lpstat command tells you details about the print queue

$ lpstat -v

device for TEST-01: socket://192.168.10.3:9100

device for TEST-02: socket://192.168.10.4:9100

Finding the Ready Status of a Print Queue

On Linux, the lpstat command tells you all the printers and what their status is.

$ lpstat -a

TEST-01 accepting requests since Sun 25 Dec 2005 09:54:34 AM EST

TEST-02 accepting requests since Thu 28 Nov 2013 09:56:11 AM EST

TEST-03 accepting requests since Fri 17 Mar 2017 10:03:00 AM EST

Or for a particular printer:

$ lpstat -p  TEST-03

printer TEST-03 is idle.  enabled since Fri 17 Mar 2017 08:39:00 AM EDT
        Ready to print.