Revision as of 21:03, 27 January 2010

Discussion of How VistA Meets, or Can Meet,
Meaningful Use, Stage 1
45 CFR Part 170

Official document published in the Federal Register

CMS Topical Web Site

Background discussion

• The texts discusses EHR's as being Certified. It is not yet clear how this certification status will be awarded.
• The criteria herein are just for Stage 1 (beginning 2011). Further criteria are likely to be unveiled as the program progresses.
• Stage 2 will begin in 2013; Stage 3 in 2015
• Professionals must not only adopt/install a certified EHR, but must also demonstrate meaningful use. Thus just have a system capable of the features below will not be sufficient. They must be implemented and used.

All-in-one vs. Composite systems

The following text is from 45 CFR Part 170. Formatting and editing have been applied.

Note that it describes the ability of a eligible system to be constructed from modules, and thus VistA doesn't have to meet all of the meaningful use criteria by itself.

The text defines several similar by different terms:

• Qualified EHR -- an electronic record of health-related information on an individual that:
  • (A) Includes patient demographic and clinical health information, such as medical history and problem lists; and
  • (B) has the capacity:
    • (i) To provide clinical decision support;
    • (ii) to support physician order entry;
    • (iii) to capture and query information relevant to health care quality; and
    • (iv) to exchange electronic health information with, and integrate such information from other sources.

• EHR Module --any service, component, or combination thereof that can meet the requirements of at least one certification criterion adopted by the Secretary.
  • Examples of EHR Modules include, but are not limited to, the following:
    • An interface or other software program that provides the capability to exchange electronic health information;
    • An open source software program that enables individuals online access to certain health information maintained by EHR technology;
    • A clinical decision support rules engine;
    • A software program used to submit public health information to public health authorities; and
    • A quality measure reporting service or software program.
  • Comments: While the use of EHR Modules may enable an eligible professional or eligible hospital to create a combination of products and services that, taken together, meets the definition of Certified EHR Technology, this approach carries with it a responsibility on the part of the eligible professional or eligible hospital to perform additional diligence to ensure that the certified EHR Modules selected are capable of working together to support the achievement of meaningful use. In other words, two certified EHR Modules may provide the additional capabilities necessary to meet the definition of Certified EHR Technology, but may not integrate well with each other or with the other EHR technology they were added to. As a result, eligible professionals and eligible hospitals that elect to adopt and implement certified EHR Modules should take care to ensure that the certified EHR Modules they select are interoperable and can properly perform in their expected operational environment.

• Complete EHR -- EHR technology that has been developed to meet all applicable certification criteria adopted by the Secretary. We believe this definition helps to create a clear distinction between a Complete EHR, an EHR Module, and Certified EHR Technology. The term Complete EHR is not meant to limit the capabilities that a Complete EHR can include. Rather, it is meant to encompass EHR technology that can perform all of the applicable capabilities required by certification criteria adopted by the Secretary and distinguish it from EHR technology that cannot perform those capabilities. We fully expect some Complete EHRs to have capabilities beyond those addressed by certification criteria adopted by the Secretary.

• Certified EHR
  • Older definition: Certified EHR Technology is defined at section 3000(1) of the PHSA as ‘‘a qualified electronic health record that is certified pursuant to section 3001(c)(5) as meeting standards adopted under section 3004 that are applicable to the type of record involved.’’
  • Revised definition:
    • Rationale: In this interim final rule, we have slightly revised the definition of Certified EHR Technology to make it more consistent with the initial standards, implementation specifications, and certification criteria that are being adopted.
    • Focus: Certification criteria focus on the capabilities of Complete EHRs or EHR Modules and consequently, Certified EHR Technology should be defined in accordance with that approach. We believe defining Certified EHR Technology in that manner will provide greater clarity and meaning for this interim final rule.
    • Requirements: We have defined Certified EHR Technology to mean: A Complete EHR or a combination of EHR Modules, each of which
      • (1) Meets the requirements included in the definition of a Qualified EHR; and
      • (2) has been tested and certified in accordance with the certification program established by the National Coordinator as having met all applicable certification criteria adopted by the Secretary.
  • Clarification:
    • To clarify the meaning of ‘‘applicable certification criteria’’ in this definition’s second part, we note that Congress indicated their expectation that different types of HIT would be certified.
    • Congress elaborated on this expectation with a parenthetical in the statutory definition, which references two examples, ‘‘an ambulatory electronic health record for office-based physicians’’ and ‘‘an inpatient hospital electronic health record for hospitals.’’
    • For a variety of reasons, including that certain proposed meaningful use Stage 1 objectives only apply to an eligible professional or eligible hospital and that these two types of health care providers require different capabilities from Certified EHR Technology, we have adopted specific certification criteria that are only ‘‘applicable’’ to Complete EHRs or EHR Modules designed for use in an ambulatory setting (e.g., by eligible professionals) or an inpatient setting (e.g., by eligible hospitals). ...
    • We believe that by adding the word ‘‘technology’’ after ‘‘EHR,’’ Congress intended to convey an expectation that rather than adopt a complete, all-in-one solution, eligible professionals and eligible hospitals would likely adopt and implement some number of technological components or EHR Modules to extend the useful life of their legacy EHR technology or other HIT that may not provide all of the capabilities necessary to achieve meaningful use.
    • In the early stages of the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs, we expect most eligible professionals and many eligible hospitals to opt for a Complete EHR that has met the definition of Certified EHR Technology. However, with the future in mind, and to address those eligible providers and eligible hospitals that may decide to implement their own Complete EHRs or EHR Modules, we have adopted a definition of Certified EHR Technology that we believe is flexible enough to account for innovations in an industry that continues to rapidly evolve.
    • Additionally, we believe this definition of Certified EHR Technology will lead to a more competitive marketplace and allow those who adopt HIT to choose from a variety of offerings ranging from subscription services, to vendor-based products, to open source products. An innovative and competitive HIT marketplace needs to exist much like the marketplace for consumer electronics, where, for the purpose of setting up a home theater, a television, DVD player, and stereo system can be purchased from three different manufacturers, from a single manufacturer, or as a complete system from one manufacturer.
    • To that end, we believe that it will be common in the near future for Certified EHR Technology to be assembled from several replaceable and swappable EHR Modules. For example, an EHR Module specifically designed to enable electronic health information exchange may be implemented for the purposes of interoperability and participation in a health information organization, regional health information organization, or some other consortium whose purpose is to enable the electronic exchange of health information.
    • As another example, a subscription to an application service provider (ASP) for electronic prescribing could be an EHR Module and used to help meet the definition of Certified EHR Technology provided that the electronic prescribing capability the ASP enables has been tested and certified.
    • As long as each EHR Module has been separately tested and certified in accordance with the certification program established by the National Coordinator (which will be discussed in a future rulemaking) to all of the applicable certification criteria adopted by the Secretary, a proper combination of certified EHR Modules could meet the definition of Certified EHR Technology.
    • To clarify, we are not requiring the certification of combinations of certified EHR Modules, just that the individual EHR Modules combined have each been certified to all applicable certification criteria in order for such a ‘‘combination’’ to meet the definition of Certified EHR Technology.
    • The following are examples of Certified EHR Technology:
      • A complete EHR that is tested and certified to all applicable certification criteria.
      • The combination of three certified EHR modules that include all of the capabilities required by all applicable certification criteria. (We note that in this circumstance it is the user’s responsibility to determine whether the combination of these three certified EHR Modules would meet all of the applicable certification criteria necessary to meet the definition of Certified EHR Technology.)
    • The following are examples of what would not meet the definition of Certified EHR Technology:
      • Complete EHRs that have not been tested and certified in accordance with the certification program established by the National Coordinator even though it may be claimed that such technology provides the same capabilities as those required by adopted certification criteria.
      • The combination of three certified EHR modules that do not include all of the capabilities required by all applicable certification criteria. That is, if these three certified EHR modules were purchased by an eligible professional and none of them included the capability to electronically prescribe, the combination of these three modules would not be a proper combination of certified EHR Modules and would not meet the definition of Certified EHR Technology.
    • It is important to note that the capabilities included in the definition of Qualified EHR set the floor for the capabilities that Certified EHR Technology must include. For example, the definition of Qualified EHR does not require capabilities related to privacy and security; however, the Secretary has adopted certification criteria for privacy and security. Therefore, where the Secretary has adopted certification criteria that require capabilities beyond those specified in the definition of a Qualified EHR, a Complete EHR or EHR Module will need to be tested and certified to those adopted certification criteria in order for the definition of Certified EHR Technology to be met.

Possible $ Bonus amounts

Up to $65k, maximum amount available under Medicaid

Up to $44k, maximum amount available under Medicare

Listing of Criteria for Stage 1 of Meaningful Use

Use Computerised Provider Order Entry (CPOE)

Enable a user to electronically record, store, retrieve and manage, at a minimum, the following order types:

• 1. Medications
  2. Laboratory
  3. Radiology/Imaging
  4. Provider referrals

Implement drug-drug, drug-allergy, drug-formulary checks

VistA

Maintain an up-to-date problem list of current and active diagnoses based on ICD-9-CM or SNOWMED CT

VistA

Generage and transmit permissible prescriptions electronically (eRx)

Maintain active medication list

Maintain active medication allergy list

Record demographics

Record and chart changes in vital signs

Record smoking status for patients 13 yrs old or older

Incomporate clinical lab-test results into EHR as structured data

Generate lists of patients by specific conditions to use for quality improvement, reduction of disparities and outreach

Report quality measures to CMS or the States

Send reminders to patients per patient preference for preventative/followup care

Implement 5 clinical decision support rules

Check insurance eligibility electronically frompublic and private payers

Submit claims electronically to public and private payers

Provide patients with an electronic copy of their health information upon request

Provide patients with an electronic copy of their discharge instructions and procedures at time of discharge, upon request

Provide patients with timely electronic access to their health information (including lab results, problem lists, medication lists, allergies) within 96 hours of the information being available to the eligible professional

Provide clinical summaries for patients for each office visit

Capability to exchange key clinical information among providers of care and patient authorized entities electronically.

Provide summary care records for each transition of care and referral

Perform medication reconciliation at relevant encounters and each transition of care

Capability to submit electronic data to immunization registries and actual submission where required and accepted.

Capability to provide electronic submission of reportable lab results (as required by state or local law) to public health agencies and actual submission where is can be received

Capability to provide electronic syndromic surveillance data to public health agencies and actual transmission according to applicable law and practice

Protect electronic health information created or maintained by the certified EHR technology through the implementation of appropriate technical capabilities.