Mumps Class 21
From VistApedia
sam@sam-desktop:~$ cd pocn-moh/
sam@sam-desktop:~/pocn-moh$ . run_utf8
sam@sam-desktop:~/pocn-moh$ mumps -dir
GTM>; WHY DO ERRORS HAPPEN? WHY WHY???
GTM>; 1. Invalid Syntax (doesn't happen; usually caught by compiler)
GTM>; (except, if you are compiling while executing)
GTM>; 2. Invalid action (happens a lot!!). E.g. Write 1/0
GTM>; 3. External issue that cuases the process to not be able to continue
GTM>; e.g. Hard disk runs out of space; Transaction is not restartable and s
omebody else is playing with the global
GTM>; e.g. You run out of lock space
GTM>; What does error processing do?
GTM>; 1. Try to fix the error to allow normal processing
GTM>; 2. Abandon processing for this block, but resume processing where you
left off
GTM>; 3. Record error and stop
GTM>; 4. Just end the process
GTM>; there is no try/catch in Mumps
GTM>; Instead, there is another way of trapping errors, more like VBA
GTM>; Mumps uses $ECODE, $ETRAP, and $ESTACK to process errors.
GTM>; Example of an Error Trap
GTM>zed "ZU"
GTM>zed "XWBTCPM"
GTM>zed "KBANERR"
GTM>zl
GTM>zp SIMPLEERR^KBANERR:SIMPLERR+3
%GTM-E-ZPRTLABNOTFND, Label not found in routine
GTM>ZED
GTM>zp SIMPLEERR^KBANERR:SIMPLEERR+3
SIMPLEERR
W 1/0
QUIT
GTM>D SIMPLEERR^KBANERR
%GTM-E-DIVZERO, Attempt to divide by zero
At M source location SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZSHOW
SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR ($ZTRAP)
(Direct mode)
+1^GTM$DMOD (Direct mode)
GTM>D ^%ZTER
GTM>; ^%ZTER logs the error in the VISTA error trap!!!
GTM>; To view the error trap in VISTA, run ^XTER, or the menu option that
GTM>; does that
GTM>D ^XTER
In response to the DATE prompt you can enter:
'S' to specify text to be matched in error or routine name
1 error logged on 4/11/2011
1) <(DIVZERO)>SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR 09:44:34 EHR,EHR 4851 /dev/pts/3
No screened error
Enter '^' to quit listing, <RETURN> to continue...: 1
Process ID: 4851 (4851) APR 11, 2011 09:44:34
UCI/VOL: [EHR,EHR]
$ZA: 0
Current $IO: /dev/pts/3 Current $ZIO: ^0^12^/dev/pts/3
$ZE= SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR, Attempt to divide by zero,150373210,-%GTM-E-DIVZERO
W 1/0
Which symbol? > ?
Enter:
^Q to EXIT
'^' to return to the last question
Leading character(s) of symbol(s) you wish to examine
^L to obtain a list of all symbols
^P to select a printer and print this error
^M to capture the current error in a mail message
^I to obtain information on key package variables
$ to get a display of the $ system variables
$ZE= SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR, Attempt to divide by zero,150373210,-%GTM-E-DIVZERO
W 1/0
Which symbol? > ^L
$DEVICE=
$ECODE=,M9,Z150373210,
$ESTACK=3
$ETRAP=
$QUIT=0
$STACK=3
$STACK(000)=-dir
$STACK(000,"ECODE")=
$STACK(000,"PLACE")=+1^GTM$DMOD
$STACK(000,"MCODE")=
$STACK(001)=DO
$STACK(001,"ECODE")=,M9,Z150373210,
$STACK(001,"PLACE")=SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR
$STACK(001,"MCODE")= W 1/0
$STACK(002)=
$STACK(002,"ECODE")=
$STACK(002,"PLACE")=
$STACK(002,"MCODE")=
$STACK(003)=
Enter '^' to quit listing, <RETURN> to continue...:
$STACK(003,"ECODE")=
$STACK(003,"PLACE")=
$STACK(003,"MCODE")=
$X $Y=0 12
$ZV=GT.M V5.4-001 Linux x86
%ZT("^XUTL(""XQ"",$J)")=
%ZTER11I=EHR,EHR
%ZTER11N=1
%ZTER11S=
%ZTER11Z=0
%ZTER12A=0
%ZTER12B=
%ZTERCNT=32
%ZTERH1=62192
%ZTERROR=
%ZTERRT=^%ZTER(1,62192,1,1)
%ZTERSUB=%ZTER11S)
%ZTERVAP=%ZT(
%ZTERVAR=%ZTERVAR
%ZTERZE=SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR, Attempt to divide by zero,150373210,-%GTM-E-DIVZERO
$ZE= SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR, Attempt to divide by zero,150373210,-%GTM-E-DIVZERO
W 1/0
Which symbol? > ?
Enter:
^Q to EXIT
'^' to return to the last question
Leading character(s) of symbol(s) you wish to examine
^L to obtain a list of all symbols
^P to select a printer and print this error
^M to capture the current error in a mail message
^I to obtain information on key package variables
$ to get a display of the $ system variables
$ZE= SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR, Attempt to divide by zero,150373210,-%GTM-E-DIVZERO
W 1/0
Which symbol? >
Which error? >
Which date? >
GTM>
GTM>; Let's see how Mumps uses Error Traps
GTM>; Mumps executes this code whenever an error happens:
GTM>; X $ERAP
GTM>; QUIT:$QUIT "" QUIT
GTM>ZED
GTM>zed
GTM>D ^TMGIDE
Entering TMG IDE. But first, let's set up an environment...
Please type your name: HAB,SMA ??
Please type your name: HAB,SAM HABIEL,SAM M SMH THE WIZARD
==================================================
Welcome to the TMG debugging environment
==================================================
Options:
1. Start debugger in THIS window.
2. Start debugger CONTROLLER for another Process.
3. Debug, SENDING control to a Controller.
=== Routine: ^KBANERR (DISP+1^KBANERR) =====================================
=== Routine: ^KBANERR (DISP+2^KBANERR) =====================================
=== Routine: ^KBANERR (DISP+3^KBANERR) =====================================
=== Routine: ^KBANERR (CONT+1^KBANERR) =====================================
=== Routine: ^KBANERR (CONT+2^KBANERR) =====================================
+8 ;
+9 ERR1 ; Create an error, rescue level
=== Routine: ^KBANERR (ERR+3^KBANERR) ======================================
KBANERR
+1 KBANERR ; Routine to illustrate Error Trapping ; 4/11/11 9:43am
+2 ;;
+3 ERR
+4 NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="D ^%ZTER" ; Default Error Trap
+5 DO ERR1
=== Routine: ^KBANERR (ERR+4^KBANERR) ======================================
KBANERR
+1 KBANERR ; Routine to illustrate Error Trapping ; 4/11/11 9:43am
+2 ;;
+3 ERR
+4 NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="D ^%ZTER" ; Default Error Trap
+5 DO ERR1
+6 DO ERR2 >+7 QUIT
+8 ;
+9 ERR1 ; Create an error, rescue level
+10 NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="DO TRAP1^KBANERR"
06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)06:53, 24 Apr 2011 (PDT)~
}
Action (? for help): step OVER//
$STACK is 7
$ECODE is ,M9,Z150373210,
$ETRAP is HALT
I have been rescued
$STACK is 7
$ECODE is
$ETRAP is HALT
(^ to quit) //Leaving TMG debugging environment. Goodbye.
GTM>; What we learned:
GTM>; Mumps executes the error trap upon an error
GTM>; The existence of an error is identified by a non-empty $ECODE
GTM>; You can use Goto(s) (normally a bad programming practice) in processin
g errors in order to recover from an error.
GTM>; You can tell Mumps that there is no longer any errro by setting $ECODE
to be empty
GTM>zp ^KBANERR
KBANERR ; Routine to illustrate Error Trapping ; 4/11/11 9:43am
;;
ERR
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="D ^%ZTER" ; Default Error Trap
DO ERR1
DO ERR2
QUIT
;
ERR1 ; Create an error, rescue level
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="DO TRAP1^KBANERR"
; Dangeous Operation
WRITE 1/0
; End Dangerous Operation
CONT
WRITE "I have been rescued",!
DO DISP
QUIT
ERR2 ; Create an error, rescue level
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="GOTO TRAP1^KBANERR"
; Dangeous Operation
WRITE 1/0
; End Dangerous Operation
WRITE "I have been rescued",!
DO DISP
QUIT
TRAP1
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="HALT" ; Emergency Error Trap
DO DISP
SET $ECODE="" ; Clear Error
GOTO CONT
DISP
WRITE "$STACK is ",$STACK,!
WRITE "$ECODE is ",$ECODE,!
WRITE "$ETRAP is ",$ETRAP,!
QUIT
SIMPLEERR
W 1/0
QUIT
GTM>; $ECODE
GTM>; $ECODE is set by Mumps when an error happens
GTM>; BUT you as a programmer can create your own errors by setting $ECODE
GTM>; $ECODE format
GTM>; ,M#,
GTM>; ,Z#,
GTM>; ,U#,
GTM>SET $ECODE=",U111,"
%GTM-E-SETECODE, Non-empty value assigned to $ECODE (user-defined error trap)
GTM>SET $ECODE=",Z111,"
%GTM-E-SETECODE, Non-empty value assigned to $ECODE (user-defined error trap)
GTM>SET $ECODE=",M111,"
%GTM-E-SETECODE, Non-empty value assigned to $ECODE (user-defined error trap)
GTM>ZSHOW
SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR ($ZTRAP)
(Direct mode)
+1^GTM$DMOD (Direct mode)
GTM>SET $ECODE=",U111,"
%GTM-E-SETECODE, Non-empty value assigned to $ECODE (user-defined error trap)
GTM>D ^%ZTER
GTM>ZGT
%GTM-E-INVCMD, Invalid command keyword encountered
ZGT
^-----
GTM>ZGOTO
GTM>D ^XTER
In response to the DATE prompt you can enter:
'S' to specify text to be matched in error or routine name
2 errors logged on 4/11/2011
2) <> 10:35:44 EHR,EHR 4851 /dev/pts/3
1) <(DIVZERO)>SIMPLEERR+1^KBANERR 09:44:34 EHR,EHR 4851 /dev/pts/3
No screened error
Enter '^' to quit listing, <RETURN> to continue...: 2
Process ID: 4851 (4851) APR 11, 2011 10:35:44
UCI/VOL: [EHR,EHR]
$ZA: 0 $ZB: \013
Current $IO: /dev/pts/3 Current $ZIO: ^0^15^/dev/pts/3
$ZE= ,,,-
QUIT
Last Global Ref: ^%ZOSF("TRMOFF")
Which symbol? > ^L
$DEVICE=
$ECODE=,U111,Z111,M111,U111,
$ESTACK=3
$ETRAP=
$QUIT=0
$STACK=3
$STACK(000)=-dir
$STACK(000,"ECODE")=
$STACK(000,"PLACE")=+1^GTM$DMOD
$STACK(000,"MCODE")=
$STACK(001)=DO
$STACK(001,"ECODE")=,U111,
$STACK(001,"PLACE")=DISP+4^KBANERR
$STACK(001,"MCODE")= QUIT
$STACK(002)=
$STACK(002,"ECODE")=
$STACK(002,"PLACE")=
$STACK(002,"MCODE")=
$STACK(003)=
Enter '^' to quit listing, <RETURN> to continue...: ^
$ZE= ,,,-
QUIT
Last Global Ref: ^%ZOSF("TRMOFF")
Which symbol? >
Which error? >
Which date? >
GTM>; $EC has commas to help you detect the correct error
GTM>W $EC
GTM>S X=",U111,Z111,M111,U111,"
GTM>W X["U11"
1
GTM>W X[",U111,"
1
GTM>W X[",U111,,"
0
GTM>W X[",U111"
1
GTM>W X[",U11,"
0
GTM>; $ESTACK
GTM>; -> $ESTACK tells you how many levels you are in the stack from the l
GTM>; from the last time you newed $ESTACK
GTM>; This helps you unwind the stack until you reach your own level
GTM>; useful will call a lot of other routines and you don't
GTM>; you want to roll back an error that happened in a routine that's
GTM>; far above you.
GTM>; $QUIT
GTM>; $QUIT tells you whether you got called by an extrinsic function or not
GTM>; If you call a routine as a function, $quit is 1
GTM>; if you call it with a Do or Xecute, $quit is 0
GTM>; $STACK
GTM>; $STACK contains the current stack level
GTM>; $STACK(-1) contains the number of levels in the stack
GTM>; $STACK(level,"PLACE/MCODE/ECODE") contains information about
GTM>; the stack
GTM>zed
GTM>zbreak ^KBANERR
GTM>S $ZSTEP="W $T(@$ZPOS),! B"
GTM>ZG
GTM>D ^KBANERR
%GTM-I-BREAKZBA, Break instruction encountered during ZBREAK action
At M source location ERR+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
DO ERR1
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location ERR+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZSHOW "S"
ERR+2^KBANERR
(Direct mode)
+1^GTM$DMOD (Direct mode)
GTM>W $STACK
1
GTM>W $STACK(-1)
1
GTM>W $STACK(1)
DO
GTM>W $STACK(1,"MCODE")
DO ERR1
GTM>W $STACK(1,"ECODE")
GTM>W $STACK(1,"PLACE")
ERR+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZSTEP INTO
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="DO TRAP1^KBANERR"
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location ERR1+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZSTEP INTO
WRITE 1/0
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location ERR1+3^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK(-1)
2
GTM>; i have 2 level
GTM>W $STACK
2
GTM>; current level is 2
GTM>W $STACK(2)
DO
GTM>; level 2 called using a DO command
GTM>w $STACK(2,"MCODE")
WRITE 1/0
GTM>; current Mumps code
GTM>zst into
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="HALT" ; Emergency Error Trap
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+1^KBANERR
GTM>zshow
TRAP1+1^KBANERR
(Direct mode)
ERR1+3^KBANERR ($ZTRAP)
ERR+2^KBANERR
+1^GTM$DMOD (Direct mode)
GTM>W $STACK(-1)
3
GTM>W $STACK($STACK(-1)-1,"MCODE")
WRITE 1/0
GTM>W $STACK($STACK(-1)-1,"ECODE")
,M9,Z150373210,
GTM>ZST INTO
DO DISP
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
WRITE "$STACK is ",$STACK,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$STACK is 4
WRITE "$ECODE is ",$ECODE,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ECODE is ,M9,Z150373210,
WRITE "$ETRAP is ",$ETRAP,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+3^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ETRAP is HALT
QUIT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+4^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
SET $ECODE="" ; Clear Error
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+3^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
3
GTM>ZST INTO
GOTO CONT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+4^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
WRITE "I have been rescued",!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location CONT+1^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
3
GTM>ZST INTO
I have been rescued
DO DISP
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location CONT+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
WRITE "$STACK is ",$STACK,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$STACK is 4
WRITE "$ECODE is ",$ECODE,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ECODE is
WRITE "$ETRAP is ",$ETRAP,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+3^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ETRAP is HALT
QUIT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+4^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
QUIT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location CONT+3^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
3
GTM>ZP ^KBANERR
KBANERR ; Routine to illustrate Error Trapping ; 4/11/11 9:43am
;;
ERR
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="D ^%ZTER" ; Default Error Trap
DO ERR1
DO ERR2
QUIT
;
ERR1 ; Create an error, rescue level
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="DO TRAP1^KBANERR"
; Dangeous Operation
WRITE 1/0
; End Dangerous Operation
CONT
WRITE "I have been rescued",!
DO DISP
QUIT
ERR2 ; Create an error, rescue level
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="GOTO TRAP1^KBANERR"
; Dangeous Operation
WRITE 1/0
; End Dangerous Operation
WRITE "I have been rescued",!
DO DISP
QUIT
TRAP1
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="HALT" ; Emergency Error Trap
DO DISP
SET $ECODE="" ; Clear Error
GOTO CONT
DISP
WRITE "$STACK is ",$STACK,!
WRITE "$ECODE is ",$ECODE,!
WRITE "$ETRAP is ",$ETRAP,!
QUIT
SIMPLEERR
W 1/0
QUIT
GTM>ZST INTO
DO ERR2
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location ERR+3^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
1
GTM>ZST INTO
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="GOTO TRAP1^KBANERR"
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location ERR2+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
WRITE 1/0
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location ERR2+3^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
NEW $ETRAP SET $ETRAP="HALT" ; Emergency Error Trap
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+1^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
2
GTM>ZST INTO
DO DISP
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
WRITE "$STACK is ",$STACK,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$STACK is 3
WRITE "$ECODE is ",$ECODE,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ECODE is ,M9,Z150373210,
WRITE "$ETRAP is ",$ETRAP,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+3^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ETRAP is HALT
QUIT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+4^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
SET $ECODE="" ; Clear Error
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+3^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
GOTO CONT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location TRAP1+4^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
WRITE "I have been rescued",!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location CONT+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
I have been rescued
DO DISP
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location CONT+2^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
2
GTM>ZST INTO
WRITE "$STACK is ",$STACK,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+1^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$STACK is 3
WRITE "$ECODE is ",$ECODE,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+2^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ECODE is
WRITE "$ETRAP is ",$ETRAP,!
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+3^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
$ETRAP is HALT
QUIT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location DISP+4^KBANERR
GTM>ZST INTO
QUIT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location CONT+3^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
2
GTM>ZST INTO
QUIT
%GTM-I-BREAKZST, Break instruction encountered during ZSTEP action
At M source location ERR+4^KBANERR
GTM>W $STACK
1
GTM>ZST INTO
GTM>W $STACK
0
GTM>ZED
GTM>; if you cause another error in the error trap
GTM>; TROLLBACK:$TLEVEL QUIT:$QUIT "" QUIT
GTM>; ; correction in the error level
GTM>;
