Bash shell
From VistApedia
The Bash shell is a Shell Program that provides a text based user interface to a Linux or Unix Operating System. Bash is an acronym for Bourne Again Sh, a re-implementation of the original default[shell] program created by [Bourne] for Unix version 7.
There is an advanced Bash Tutorial available at:
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/